Planning & Design
Wind Turbines / Off Grid Battery Charging
HAWT & VAWT Wind Turbine Systems Class 1 (Stand alone) PCS Power Conversion Systems AC / DC Coupled installed to
International Standards EIC 61400-2 : 2013 Micro/Small Wind Turbines Part 2
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine VAWT
Vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWT) are not widespread, but their simplicity and better performance in disturbed airflow-environments, compared to small horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWT) make them a good alternative for distributed generation devices in an urban environment.
A vertical axis wind turbine has its axis perpendicular to the wind streamlines and vertical to the ground. A more general term that includes this option is a "transverse axis wind turbine" or "cross-flow wind turbine".
In urban areas, VAWTs have been proven to generate up to 50% more electricity compared to their horizontal axis counterparts, However this statistic is environmentally based, generally a HAWT will outperform a vertical axis in most conditions, so choosing a HAWT or a VAWT design is simply based on location and application, VAWT turbines are typically installed in strong winds with high turbulence and accept wind in 360 degree rotations (omnidirectional), additional restrictions in height may also favour the Vertical Design.
The benefit for both wind and solar being coupled-together has the clear advantage for sustainable power throughout all seasons of the year, never relying on either just "wind" or "sunlight" to create a reliable counter-balancing flow of free energy from both sources.
That being said, to determine if a small standalone turbine will benefit your site, the overall wind speed must be determined according to local topography. Wind speed is measured in meters per second (m/s) and all wind turbines need an average wind speed measured in (m/s) to be of any benefit.
Small scale wind turbines should stand at a minimum height of 10 meters (30 feet), and ideally be higher than local structures, Wind speed data should always be recorded at Hub Height, however If measurements of wind speed are recorded at ground level with an anemometer or speedometer, you can expect 1.5 times the wind speed 30 feet up. When designing for an obstacle-rich environment, the height of the obstacles effectively represents ground level for wind speed calculations.
To determine the likely output of a turbine,
a ‘Power Curve’ is used
• The power curve illustrates the power output at a given wind speed.
• The power curve is distinctive for every model of wind turbine.
• A power curve should be calculated by an independent third-party.
For Example, the cut-in speed for 220 to 400v turbines is 3 m/s for HAWT and 4 m/s for VAWT, ideally the sites average wind speed needs to be recorded higher than this value. The capacity of the turbine in kilowatt's is determined at 10m/s, for example, for a 5kw wind turbine to reach its rated output, the wind speed must be above 10m/s equating to 100%, therefore the yearly electricity production from the turbine determined in kilowatt hour kWh is proportionate to the average annual wind speed of the location and the capacity of the turbine at a specific height and blade length.
Power Curve Chart
To determine the estimated annual output in kWh, the chart represents an annual production at different wind speeds. This chart is based on a 5kw wind turbine provided by a manufacture.
• At 3 m/s, a 5kw wind turbine should produce 1900kwh
• At 6 m/s a 5w wind turbine should produce 6900kwh
• At 10 m/s a 5kw wind turbine will produce 22,500kwh.
By calculating the annual expected output from a wind turbine, it is then but a short step to be able to determine the likely percentage of household electricity consumption that the turbine will provide.
Note: Wind turbines can be used as auxiliary electrical generators to existing solar PV and battery storage system for keeping batteries charged at night and winter months, this type of electrical set up is called a DC Coupled System and the 3 phase AC turbine is converted into Direct current which is not directly connect to the grid.
Estimated Annual Output (kWh)
HAWT & VAWT Wind Turbine Systems Class 1 (Stand alone) PCS Power Conversion Systems AC / DC Coupled Installed to Guidelines
International Standards EIC 61400-2 : 2013 Micro/Small Wind Turbines Part 2
Vertical Axis
Horizontal Axis
VAWT 10kW
Residental or Commercial Stand Alone 3 Phase 380Volts
HAWT 6kW
Residental or Commercial Stand Alone 3 phase 380Volts
On / Off Grid Controller
Multiple Inputs, Wind, Solar Hydro with turbine rotation control
Wind or Hydro
Touch Screen Digital Interface and additional Control features for maximum power, build in wifi for remote monitoring.
Off Grid 5kW
Low voltage Battery input 48V
High voltage Battery input 400V with solar input option
Off Grid 50kW
Large 50kW controllers for off grid wind solutions.
On Grid 100kW
Large 100kw Controllers for Commerical Applications
On Grid 5kW
Domestic On grid Controllers for small standalone turbines
On Grid 10kW
Domestic Class 1
On Grid 20kW
Domestic Class 1
Wind turbine controller functions.
◆ Real-time wind turbine voltage,current,solar panel voltage,current,DC output voltage,current,total power generation (The main board is with button battery,in case of power failure, history data can be saved for 30 days)
◆ Two sets of control systems,PWM constant voltage system and three-phase dump load system.
◆ PWM constant voltage control is 120% of the rated power of the wind turbine.
◆ Strong and extreme wind conditions, the controllers can conduct constant voltage output to ensure connected inverters operate correctly.
◆ When the condition of disconnected grid-connected inverter, the controller can conduct constant voltage output and operate in island mode for hybrid inverters with UPS.
◆ The inside of the controller is equipped with surge protector. Contain the over voltage into the wind turbine under the bearable voltage of the equipment or system is to conduct the lightening current into the earth directly to avoid any damage of equipment.
◆ The controllers are equipped with emergency stop switch; in case of emergency the controller and the wind turbine will immediately brake,three-phase dump load activates,.
◆ The controllers are equipped with manual three-phase dump load switch.
The Controllers Adopt Modbus Communication protocol. Convenient to carry out the secondary development. ※ Adjusting the technical specification via RS485 is available.Convenient to adjust the different wind turbines for professional network. Supports WIFI and GPRS. Customers can monitor the real-time working state of the on / off grid wind power system via PC and mobile and query history working sate.Both Android and OS are compatible in Mobile. ※ has secondary input for solar panel control system according to customer requirements. For the different wind turbine, the controller can be equipped with mechanical yawing, rotate tail control, mechanical brake,hydraulic brake, electromagnetism brake and other brake functions.
Interested in our services? We’re here to help!
We want to know your needs exactly so that we can provide the perfect solution. Let us know what you want and we’ll do our best to help.
Company
- Alleco Energy Installers Ltd
- Registered Company: 14338339
- Website: www.alleco-energy.co.uk
- Email: office@alleco-energy.co.uk
- Support: James@alleco-energy.co.uk
Photovoltaic & Wind Disclaimer:
Under no circumstances should the daily or annual performance examples in our photovoltaic Research Hub be assumed an absolute indicator of solar panel performance with regards to your own property, and we cannot be held responsible for any decisions made by anybody based on the information provided within our articles.